Weld Settings
Select your process, then material, then thickness to get recommended starting parameters.
Filler Metal Selector
Select your base material and welding process to see recommended filler metal classifications.
Process Guide
Transfer modes, gas selection, wire/electrode types, and step-by-step setup checklists.
Troubleshooting
Common weld defects — causes, corrective actions, applicable processes, and code references.
AI Weld Inspector
Photograph a weld and get a CWI-level visual inspection report — discontinuities, severity, code references, root causes, and corrective actions.
Tap to photograph the weld
Clear, well-lit close-up gives the best results
Calculators
Heat input, carbon equivalent & preheat, fillet size, deposition rate, duty cycle, weld weight, and pipe circumference.
Heat Input
HI (kJ/in) = (Amps × Volts × 60) ÷ (Travel Speed × 1000)
Carbon Equivalent & Preheat
CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)/5 + (Ni+Cu)/15 (IIW)
Enter weight % from the mill cert. Leave unknown elements at 0.
Minimum Fillet Weld Size
Per AWS D1.1 Table 6.1 — based on thicker base metal thickness
Wire Deposition Rate
DR (lb/hr) = WFS × Wire Weight per Inch × 60
Duty Cycle
Actual DC% = (Rated A² × Rated DC%) ÷ Desired A²
Weld Weight
Weight (lb) = Joint Cross-Section Area × Weld Length × Material Density
Pipe Circumference
Circumference = π × OD | Mean Weld Circ. = π × (OD − Wall)
Select NPS and schedule for standard pipe, or enter a custom OD and wall thickness.
Interpass Temperature Reference
Maximum interpass temperatures by material
| Material | Max Interpass | Reason |
| Carbon Steel (mild) | 500–600°F | Prevent grain growth / toughness loss |
| Austenitic SS (304, 316) | 350°F max | Prevent carbide precipitation / sensitization |
| Aluminum | 250°F max | Prevent collapse and liquation cracking |
| Chrome-Moly (P11, P22) | 400–600°F (per WPS) | Maintain microstructure, reduce cracking risk |
| HSLA (A514) | 400°F max | Prevent yield strength loss in HAZ |
AWS Reference
F-Numbers, P-Numbers (ASME IX), A-Numbers, AWS D1.1 base metal groups, and joint classifications.
Material Cross-Reference
ASTM / ASME / EN / JIS grade equivalents for structural steel, stainless, and pressure vessel materials.
Inspection / NDE
RT, UT, MT, PT acceptance criteria per AWS D1.1 and ASME Section V. Visual inspection standards.
Privacy Policy
WeldRef is a client-side reference tool. There is no account system and no backend collecting your data.
- Anthropic API key: stored only in your browser's
localStorage. It is never transmitted to WeldRef servers. Clear it anytime in the AI Analyzer or Weld Inspector settings. - Images you analyze: sent directly from your browser to Anthropic's API (
api.anthropic.com) for processing. WeldRef never receives them. - Analytics: Cloudflare Web Analytics is used on the production site. It is cookieless, anonymous, and does not track individuals or share data across sites.
- Error reporting: Sentry may capture anonymized JavaScript errors (stack traces, browser version) to improve stability. No user input is included.
- No cookies are set by WeldRef itself.
Terms of Use
- WeldRef is provided AS-IS with no warranty of accuracy, fitness for purpose, or non-infringement.
- Parameters, filler recommendations, symbol interpretations, and AI inspection output are advisory only. They do not replace the judgment of a qualified welding engineer or certified weld inspector (CWI).
- You are responsible for verifying all output against the applicable welding code — AWS D1.1, ASME Section IX, API 1104, or other governing standard — before applying it to production work.
- Weld failures can cause property damage, injury, or death. The author(s) of WeldRef accept no liability for outcomes resulting from use of this tool.
- By using WeldRef you agree to these terms.
About
WeldRef is a mobile-first welding reference PWA for welders, fabricators, and inspectors. Offline-capable, privacy-first, no tracking.
Sources: AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code, AWS A2.4 Symbols, AWS A5.x filler metal specs, ASME Section IX, API 1104, manufacturer datasheets (Lincoln, Miller, ESAB, Hobart).
Weld Symbols
Interactive symbol builder per AWS A2.4. Select weld type, side, dimensions, and supplementary symbols — the drawing updates live.
Symbol Builder
Symbol Anatomy
Quick Reference — Common Weld Types
WPS / PQR Reference
Essential vs. supplementary essential variables, qualification ranges, and P/F/A number interactions per ASME Section IX.
AI Symbol Analyzer
Photograph or upload a weld symbol drawing and get an instant interpretation per AWS A2.4 — weld type, dimensions, side, process, and plain-English description.
Tap to take photo or upload drawing
Works with photos, screenshots, PDFs, and CAD prints